I know you didn’t ask but 3 and 4 seem normal to me defecting during wartime and espionage are punished everywhere on Earth for a reason it makes them no better or worse than any other country.
As for surrender I have a feeling it’s a purposely unflattering translation whose real meaning is likely more inline with international norms such as
Article 99 of the UCMJ
Section 2 of the Armed Forces Act 2006
Section 74 of the National Defence Act
Section 15 of the Defence Force Discipline Act 1982
Surrender specifically is a combatant concept (defecting and espionage are not), non-combatants don’t surrender under military law, they migrate or seek asylum. E.g. to surrender you must be a combatant in this case an active service member.
Universal conscription doesn’t mean what you seem to think it means. It’s simply a mandatory service term, not permanent combatant status. Much like in the ROK, Thailand, etc., eligible citizens serve a set period then return to civilian life, they aren’t subject to surrender laws before or after their term.
I understand this but am not familiar with the specifics. In Israel, for example, I know people remain on reserve duty long past their conscription period.
This isn’t relevant anyway the fact is the laws you posted are seemingly entirely normal laws that are common around the world, and you were wrong that they aren’t allowed to travel abroad by the government.
I know you didn’t ask but 3 and 4 seem normal to me defecting during wartime and espionage are punished everywhere on Earth for a reason it makes them no better or worse than any other country.
As for surrender I have a feeling it’s a purposely unflattering translation whose real meaning is likely more inline with international norms such as
Article 99 of the UCMJ
Section 2 of the Armed Forces Act 2006
Section 74 of the National Defence Act
Section 15 of the Defence Force Discipline Act 1982
Section 34 of the Army Act 1950
and so on.
Are you suggesting that these laws only apply during active service in the military?
No that’s not at all what I said.
The examples you site as comparable to 2 are military laws.
Surrender specifically is a combatant concept (defecting and espionage are not), non-combatants don’t surrender under military law, they migrate or seek asylum. E.g. to surrender you must be a combatant in this case an active service member.
Sure, but in a country with universal conscription I’m not sure that’s exclusive to the military context.
Universal conscription doesn’t mean what you seem to think it means. It’s simply a mandatory service term, not permanent combatant status. Much like in the ROK, Thailand, etc., eligible citizens serve a set period then return to civilian life, they aren’t subject to surrender laws before or after their term.
I understand this but am not familiar with the specifics. In Israel, for example, I know people remain on reserve duty long past their conscription period.
This isn’t relevant anyway the fact is the laws you posted are seemingly entirely normal laws that are common around the world, and you were wrong that they aren’t allowed to travel abroad by the government.